<p>The Gass House, also known as Gass Family Home, Farm House at Franklin Farms, and Union Plantation, is an historic home which is located in Guilford Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built sometime around 1760, this historic structure is a two-and-one-half-story, five-bay, fieldstone dwelling. It has a two-story, two-bay-by-two-bay limestone extension on the north side, and is an example of Scotch-Irish farmhouse architecture.</p><br>
<p>William Gass, a fuller who had immigrated from Ireland, built the house circa 1760, and left it to his brother Benjamin. Benjamin&#39;s son, Patrick Gass, was born in the house. Patrick later became a soldier and a carpenter and was an important member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Although Patrick was in line to inherit the house, it is unclear whether he ever lived in it as the owner.</p><br>
<p>In 1808, the house was sold to the county for use as an almshouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Skinner Tavern, also known as Skinner&#39;s Inn, Halfway Hotel, Western Inn, and Geyer Hotel, is an historic inn and tavern that is located in Letterkenny Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Its original section was built between 1788 and 1792.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1788, John Skinner, Sr. was awarded the contract to build the Three Mountain Road from the area now called Upper Strasburg to Burnt Cabins, completing the road sometime around 1790.</p><br>
<p>The original stone tavern was likely built by John Skinner Sr. in 1788. A short time later, he built a second tavern, also called Skinners, immediately to the south. By 1794, he had deeded the original tavern to his son George and deeded the second tavern to his son John Skinner Jr.</p><br>
<p>Sometime after October 21, 1794, President George Washington stayed at or travelled past "Skinners," while returning from Bedford to Philadelphia during the Whiskey Rebellion. As he wrote to Alexander Hamilton from Wrights Ferry on October 26, "thus far I have proceeded without accident to man, horse or Carriage, altho the latter has had wherewith to try its goodness; especially in ascending the North Mountain from Skinners by a wrong road."</p><br>
<p>Sometime before 1800, the Three Mountain Road became an important part of the main road from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, and thus an important path for travelers and settlers going west, and farmers bringing their produce east. During the "drover&#39;s era," which lasted until roughly 1850, large numbers of cattle and sheep moved east along the road and taverns were located about a mile apart on it.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic structure is a two-and-one-half-story, three-bay, stone building that was designed in the Georgian-style with a five-bay, two-and-one-half-story, brick addition that was built between 1837 and 1850. The sections are unified by a gable roof.</p><br>
<p>The building, which measures seventy feet, six inches deep and twenty-seven feet, six inches wide, housed a general store and post office from 1888 to 1909, when it was converted to a private residence.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Skinner Tavern FrankCo 2.JPGView from the east</p><br>
<p>Skinner Tavern FrankCo 3.JPGView from the northeast</p><br>
<p>The Lane House is an historic, American home that is located in Mercersburg in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and is located in the Mercersburg Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1828, this historic structure is a -story, five-bay, brick dwelling that was designed in the Federal style. It was the birthplace of Harriet Lane (1830-1903), who served as hostess at the White House for her uncle James Buchanan from 1857 to 1861.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is located in the Mercersburg Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Spring Grove Farm and Distillery is an historic, American farm complex and distillery site that is located in Antrim Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, USA.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The house in this historic property was built in 1867, and is a two-story, T-shaped, brick dwelling that was designed in the Greek Revival style. Also located on the property are a contributing two-story, four-bay brick building that is believed by historians to have housed a cooper&#39;s shop and residence; a brick summer kitchen, a brick smoke house, a frame pumphouse, a large brick end bank barn with a slate roof, a frame wagon shed, a brick carriage house, a stone mill (1803) and the site of the Spring Grove Distillery. The distiller ceased to operate in 1920.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Stover–Winger Farm, also known as Tayamentasachta, is an historic, American farm complex that is located in Antrim Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in the 1840s or 1850s, and is a two-story, four-bay, T-shaped, brick dwelling. It has a two-story, three-bay, brick-cased, log wing and a one-story, shed-roofed porch that wraps around three sides of the building.</p><br>
<p>Also located on the property are a contributing brick beehive oven, a brick end bank barn that was built in 1849 and rebuilt in 1876 after a fire, a frame wagon shed, and a metal "Stover Wind Engine".</p><br>
<p>The farm was purchased by the Greencastle-Antrim School District in 1966. The property includes the spring named Tayamentasachta, a favorite camp site for the Delaware Indians.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Carrick Furnace is a historic iron furnace located at Metal Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The property includes the limestone furnace stack, a Peter L. Weimer blowing engine , boilers for the steam engine, and the charging ramp, engine house, and cast house foundations. The furnace was built about 1828, and measures 30 feet square at the base and 30 feet high. Furnace operations were suspended in 1837, the property sold in 1843, then leased in 1850 to "Witherow and Walker." The furnace was converted in 1879 to a hot blast with the installation of the steam-powered blowing engine. The furnace went out of blast in 1884, and was donated to the Franklin County Historical Society-Kittochtinney in 1935. In February 2020, the Carrick Furnace was purchased by the Path Valley Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>https://pvhistoricalsociety.wixsite.com/pvhs</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Mt. Pleasant Iron Works House, also known as Small House, is an historic, American home that is located in Metal Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built circa 1800, this historic structure is a two-story, nine-bay, fieldstone dwelling with a gable roof. It measures forty-three feet wide by twenty-five feet deep. It was built on the Mt. Pleasant Iron Works property, established in 1783. The furnace closed in 1834, and forge ceased operation in 1843. Later in the nineteenth century, the Richmond Furnace opened on the property.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Angle Farm, also known as Maplebrow, is a historic home located southeast of Mercersburg in Montgomery Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. A three-part, two-story, five-bay log and timber frame dwelling, it is supported by a fieldstone foundation.</p><br>
<p>This property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>During the early 19th century, John Angle acquired property in Montgomery Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Situated southeast of the community of Mercersburg, the property was subsequently improved by Angle and members of his family.</p><br>
<p>The original three-bay log section of this historic home was built roughly between 1800 and 1815; two additional bays were added during the 1850s. The home is sheathed in stucco and board-and-batten siding. A modern frame kitchen wing is attached to the rear. It has a one-story full length front porch, which was added during the 20th century, and a slate roof. Also located on the property are a contributing springhouse and frame stable.</p><br>
<p>This property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Katherine H. Ritchey of Welsh Run in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania was the owner and occupant of the property at the time of announcements by newspapers in 1980 of the home&#39;s placement on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Millmont Farm is an historic, American home and farm complex that is located in Montgomery Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This property includes the main house, a double log house, a stone and frame secondary dwelling, a large frame bank barn, and the site of a grist mill. The main house was built between 1798 and 1821, and is a two-story, five-bay, stone dwelling with a -story rear wing. It has a vernacular, Georgian plan. The property was owned by James Ramsey, whose granddaughters were the sisters Jane Irwin Harrison (1804–1846), daughter-in-law of and White House hostess for USA President William Henry Harrison, and Elizabeth Ramsey Irwin Harrison (1810–1850), mother of USA President Benjamin Harrison.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Portland General Electric Company Station "L" Group in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon was a cluster of six industrial buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built between 1910 and 1929 by Portland General Electric , it was added to the register in 1985. In 1986, PGE gave Station L and 18.5 acre of land to the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry . The Station L turbine is a central feature of OMSI&#39;s Turbine Hall. The complex was listed on the National Register in 1985, and was delisted in 2020.</p><br>
<p>Station L was on the east bank of the Willamette River just south of the Marquam Bridge. The parcel of land on which the six historic one- or two-story structures rested occupied 4.7 acre of a larger property owned by PGE. All six were used to house equipment for generating electricity.</p><br>
<p>Five of the listed buildings&mdash;the turbine room, the LP boiler room, the Lincoln Substation, the HP boiler room addition, and the 1929 powerhouse extension&mdash;were structurally connected. The sixth building, the Stephens Substation, was slightly northeast of the connected buildings. At the time of nomination to the National Register in 1985, the structural condition of the buildings varied from very poor to very good. Major equipment in these buildings in 1985 included an overhead crane, a turbine generator, electric switchgear, furnaces, conveyors, elevated walkways, concrete storage racks, boilers, and pipes. Taken as a whole, the group was the "last relatively complete major wood-fired steam-powered generating station in the Pacific Northwest".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Station L was built on property that had belonged to James B. Stephens, a barrel maker who emigrated to the Oregon Country in 1844. After buying land along the Willamette River from John McLoughlin, Stephens built a house and a boat dock, established a river ferry, and in 1861 laid out the city of East Portland on the property. Rails for the Oregon Central Railroad were delivered by steamboat to Stephen&#39;s dock and laid through East Portland in 1869.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, to provide electricity for streetcars and lighting for a growing population, three Portland-area businessmen&mdash;Parker F. Morey, Henry Failing, and Frederick Van Voorhies Holman&mdash;formed PGE. About a month after it was created, PGE acquired the Willamette Falls Electric Company, which generated hydroelectricity at Willamette Falls in Oregon City, and began buying or building thermal power stations at various locations in the vicinity of Portland. Among these stations, labeled A through M, Station L was one. It was located near the Inman-Poulson Lumber Company, which supplied wood waste to fuel the stations steam boilers and which used electricity to run its machines. This arrangement continued through 1954, when the lumber company went out of business. Although Station Ls boilers were converted to burn oil or natural gas instead of wood waste, its electricity became more expensive to produce than the hydroelectricity that PGE could buy from the Bonneville Power Administration. PGE put the station on "cold standby" in 1964 and shut it completely in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Mansfield is a historic home located at Montgomery Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1807, and is a two-story, three bay stone dwelling with a one-story, four bay rear wing. It has a full-length, one-story, shed roofed front porch. The property once included a saw mill and woolen factory.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Col. John Work House is a historic home located at Montgomery Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was built about 1775, and is a -story, three bay limestone dwelling with a moderately pitched gable roof. It represents the typical home of a prosperous late-18th century central Pennsylvania farmer.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Findlay Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Peters Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The house was built between 1825 and 1830, and is a -story, five-bay rubble limestone dwelling with a gable roof. It has a full-length front porch added in the early 20th century. Also on the property is a 19th-century frame barn. The property was once owned by Pennsylvania Governor and USA Senator William Findlay , who sold it in 1823.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Findlay Farm barn FrankCo PA.jpgBarn</p><br>
<p>Church Hill Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Peters Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The house is a three-part, two-story stone-and-frame dwelling. It has 2 three-bay stone sections dated to the 1820s or 1830s, with a two-story, frame addition dated between 1840 and 1900. Also on the property are a contributing barn, out kitchen, corn crib, and wagon shed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>McCoy–Shoemaker Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Peters Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The property includes a main house dated to the 1820s or 1830s, a -story stone spring house and dwelling built about 1800 with frame addition, large stone end bank barn, frame wash house, stone smokehouse, and brick privy. The main house is a two-story, five-bay, L-shaped brick building on a fieldstone foundation. The stone spring house may have also been used as a distillery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Widow Donaldson Place is a historic home located at Peters Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1775, and is a two-story, log dwelling, measuring 24 feet by 20 feet. It has a full-length, two-story front porch and massive rubble sandstone chimney. Also on the property is a late-18th or 19th century summer kitchen.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>White House Inn is a historic inn and tavern located in Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The L-shaped building consists of two parts: a two-story, five-bay stuccoed stone section built between 1804 and 1807, and a -story rear stone section dated to the fourth quarter of the 18th century. Its architecture is representative of a transitional Georgian / Federal style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Woodland is an historic, American home and farm complex that is located in St. Thomas Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original section of this historic residence was built circa 1760, and is a -story, three-bay by two-bay, fieldstone dwelling with a gable roof. A three-bay by two-bay limestone section was added in 1790, and a -story rear wing was added in 1907. A two-story porch was added to the 1790 section after 1910.</p><br>
<p>Also located on the property is a contributing spring house.</p><br>
<p>This historic property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The John and Flora Gilbert House is a historic house located in Oregon, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 6, 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John and Flora Gilbert built the Queen Anne style house in 1906, when they retired to Oregon. They lived there until their deaths in 1956 and 1962.</p><br>
<p>The house is located in the Lincoln Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Hauge Log Church is located near the community of Daleyville in the town of Perry, Wisconsin. It was the first Norwegian Lutheran Church constructed in western Wisconsin. Hauge Log Church is located on County Highway Z just off State Highway 78. The historic building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. A Historic District Park open year round was created by the residents of the Town of Perry in 2001 to surround and protect its scenic views and serenity from development in perpetuity and http://www.haugehistoricdistrictpark.com.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By 1851 two flavors of Norwegian Lutherans had settled around the area where the Hauge Church would be built: Lutherans loyal to the Norwegian state church, and other Lutherans who preferred the ideas of Hans Nielsen Hauge, a reformer back in Norway who had been jailed by the state church. Neither group had a church building, so these unlikely bedfellows agreed to build one together. Logs for the church were cut and drawn in 1851. Labor was donated by the members, with each man assigned a number of logs to cut and prepare. Construction completed in 1852.</p><br>
<p>The walls are built of oak logs. At first the logs were exposed on the outside, but later they were covered with clapboard. Inside, the logs are coated with a thin plaster. The church is still furnished with the original pews, pulpit, altar rail, and a small balcony.</p><br>
<p>The church was the first Norwegian Lutheran Church in its area. Adjacent to the church is a small cemetery where members of the first congregation are buried.</p><br>
<p>The state-churchers and the Haugeans shared the building for a bit, but conflict soon arose, becoming hot enough that one group locked the other out of the building. In December 1858 the state-church congregation completed their own structure, now the Perry Lutheran Church in nearby Daleyville, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>The Haugean (haugianere) congregation remained in the original log church some 35 years until 1887 when a new larger building was constructed approximately two miles east. In 1927 the church building was restored. The Dane County Wisconsin Historical Society recognized the site for its historical significance, and dedicated a Historic Marker there in 1964.</p><br>
<p>Since 1966, care of Hauge Log Church has been entrusted to the Perry Hauge Log Church Preservation Association, Inc. The 30-acre Hauge Historic Park was established in 2001 by the Town of Perry for the purpose of protecting the Hauge Log Church historic site. The park is open to the public year round seven days a week from sunrise to half hour after sunset. The pioneer sanctuary has been made available to host concerts, weddings, family events, celebration and other special occasions.</p><br>
<p>The Louis Hirsig House is a small Prairie Style house designed by Alvan Small and built in 1913 in Madison, Wisconsin. In 1974 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Louis Hirsig was born in 1876 forty-five miles south of Madison in Monroe. Starting at age 14 as an apprentice tinsmith in Monroe, he worked his way into the retail business in Madison.</p><br>
<p>About 1913 Hirsig commissioned Madison architect Alvin Small to design a home. Small designed the house in the compact-cubicle form of Prairie Style, with a brick foundation, with stucco walls, with broad eaves that emphasize the horizontal, and with a side-gabled roof covered with flat red tile. The bands of windows are typical Prairie style. The trim-boards give a hint of half-timbering. A shed roof porch shelters the front door and echoes the main roof above.</p><br>
<p>Alvin Small was born nearby in Sun Prairie, and began work for the architects Allen Conover and Lew Porter, then a year for Louis Sullivan in Chicago, then back to Madison for several partnerships. Small also designed the stylistically very different Grimm Book Bindery.</p><br>
<p>By 1934 Louis was partnered in a hardware store called Wolff-Kubly & Hirsig Co. on the capitol square, at 17 South Pinckney. A charter member of Madison Rotary, Louis was involved in many civic organizations, including Red Cross, and the Chamber of Commerce. He died in 1959.</p><br>
<p>In 1974 the Hirsig house was added to the NRHP as a locally significant, good example of compact-cubical Prairie Style. The following year it was designated a landmark by the Madison Landmarks Commission. It is located within the Sherman Avenue Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Jerome Grand Hotel is a historic hotel that is in use in Jerome, Arizona. The hotels motto is "Arizonas mile high historic landmark"</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Founded as the United Verde Hospital</h3><br>
<p>The Jerome Grand Hotel was originally constructed in 1926 under the name United Verde Hospital, owned by the United Verde Copper Company (UVCC), later to become Phelps Dodge Mining Corporation. Some knew it as the Phelps Dodge Hospital and United Verde Copper Hospital. It was the 4th and final hospital in Jerome. Opened in January 1927, the United Verde Hospital was a state-of-the-art medical facility; in 1930, listed as the most modern and well equipped hospital in Arizona and possibly in all of the western states. The hospital, however was closed in 1950, as the mining operations began shutting down and medical services were available in the neighboring community of Cottonwood, where many of the staff transferred to. The building stood unused for the next 44 years.</p><br>
<h3>As the Jerome Grand Hotel</h3><br>
<p>The former hospital was purchased by Larry Altherr from Phelps Dodge Mining Corporation in 1994, and was renamed the Jerome Grand Hotel, opening for business in 1996. Larry Altherr remains the owner.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Jerome Grand Hotel is well noted to be the highest commercial building in the Verde Valley, being at a height of 5240 feet above sea level. The hotel was built as a Mission Revival Style of architecture and was the last major building to be constructed in Jerome. The building was considered by many a masterpiece of architecture because, not only was it constructed of poured-in-place concrete, but also at a 50 degree slope on solid bedrock, up against the slopes of Mingus Mountain. The 30,000 square foot building was designed to be fireproof-not one piece of wood is in the framework-and also earthquake proof, as it needed to withstand not only the rumblings of Mother Nature but also the blasts of 260,000 pounds of dynamite.</p><br>
<h2>The Otis Elevator and the Kewanee Boiler</h2><br>
<p>The Otis Elevator, which was Arizona&#39;s first self-service elevator, was installed in the United Verde Hospital in 1926 and serves all five levels of the building. The elevator is regularly maintained and inspected, insuring safety for public use. This Otis elevator is different from modern elevators because, designed for hospital use, it travels much more slowly, at a distance of only 50 feet per minute, rather than the normal 800 feet per minute found on high rise buildings. The Otis elevator is narrow and deep, designed for hospital equipment, such as gurneys and wheelchairs.</p><br>
<p>The cast iron Kewanee Boiler, which was also installed in 1926, provides low pressure steam throughout the building. The Kewanee boiler, designed to not only be portable but also convertible, could operate on wood, coal or oil. When in use during the hospital days, the source was oil and has since been converted to operate using natural gas, producing between 800,000 and 2,500,000 BTUs. The Kewanee Boiler also utilizes a dual pump feature, so it need not be shut off for maintenance nor repair, insuring consistent pressure and warmth throughout the building.</p><br>
<h2>Hauntings</h2><br>
<p>While it operated as the United Verde Hospital and later became the Jerome Grand Hotel, many alleged hauntings have occurred. According to ghostlyfavorites.com., "Due to the high level of activity in the hotel, it is a quite popular destination for amateur ghost hunters". Guests that have stayed at the hotel reported to hear coughing, labored breathing, and even voices coming from empty rooms. Guests also reported smells coming from rooms, such as flowers, dust, cigar smoke, and whiskey. Others report light anomalies and the television sets turning themselves on with no explanation.</p><br>
<p>Many guests and hotel staff have heard and seen what appears to be a 4 or 5 year old child running down the hallway on the 3rd floor, sometimes crying or laughing. This child also likes to appear at the foot of the bed in various rooms, just staring at the beds occupant. Frequently, the sounds of giggling and running occur on the top floor, as though children are at play. The sounds of a newborn babys cry is common on the 3rd and 4th floors, as well as the faint smell of baby powder and zinc oxide. The babys crying has alerted enough guests that theyve phoned the front desk out of concern; the location being a vacant room.</p><br>
<p>Staff as well as guests frequently report bedside table lamps and televisions being unplugged, shampoo bottles rolling across the floor or flying across the room. The sound of doors opening/closing while the room is otherwise vacant are common. Guests have found electronics such as cell phones and camcorders dead center beneath the bed. Front Desk staff, particularly the graveyard shift, have reported hearing coughing and sneezing from the hotels laundry room, seeing shadows in the same area of whom they believe to be Claude Harvey, the hospitals maintenance man who was found dead on April 3, 1935, pinned beneath the Otis elevator, presumably murdered. They see and hear Claude roaming the stairwells and the boiler room as though still at work. Many guests have reported seeing the apparitions of two ladies, one in a white gown, and another one in a nurse&#39;s outfit, as well as someone who appears to be a doctor or nurse in a long lab coat carrying a clipboard, roaming the halls. A Spirit Cat is a frequent visitor to the hotel. Its origin unknown, the cat has been heard meowing, hissing and scratching at doors and walls. Both staff and guests have heard and felt the cat brushing against their legs and snuggling against them while on the bed. Most notable and commonplace is the imprint on the bedding of what is believed to be the cat curled up, that bedding moments earlier, smooth and straight. A photo, provided by a guest staying in Rm 20 in 2008, shows the cat very clearly sitting on a table, looking toward the photographer. Photos provided by staff and guests, as well as personal accounts are available for viewing on www.hauntedmania.com.</p><br>
<p>During its hospital days, many deaths occurred from illness or injury, but also some rather suspicious in origin, like that of maintenance man Claude Harvey. Claude was found pinned by the back of the neck by the elevator, quite dead. A thorough inspection of the elevator was done, as well as a coroners inquest that determined the elevator could not have caused Claudes death. No autopsy was allowed to be performed, nor x-ray taken, as the United Verde Copper Company, who owned the building, did not want suspicion pointing in their direction as accident nor intent. Claude&#39;s is the only death in the hospital whose cause has yet to be determined. Speculation is, Mr. Harvey was murdered and his body placed in the elevator room, with his head hanging over the elevator shaft, to look like an accident.</p><br>
<p>Only one other known death since the hospital closed down in 1950, that of Manoah Hoffpauir, a local man hired by Phelps Dodge Mining Company to be a presence in the vacant building, hoping to offset the years of vandalism. Manoah was found hanging from a steam pipe in the Engineer&#39;s Office, where he resided while serving as the caretaker. His death in 1982 was ruled a suicide. During its days as the United Verde Hospital, an estimated 9000 deaths occurred, however no known records are present, so that number has yet to be validated. When purchased in 1994 by Larry Altherr, the hospital records were gone, so any information regarding staff and patients is via word-of-mouth, with little or no verification. The hospital was a general surgical hospital, meeting the needs of all who entered; unlike the name of the resident restaurant, a separate business from the hotel named Asylum, the building was never a mental health facility nor exclusive for tuberculosis patients.</p><br>
<p>Due to the extreme privacy the hotel wishes to provide its guests, private tours have been discontinued and no one other than registered guests and staff are permitted on the guest floors. The lobby (former emergency room) is open to the public 24/7 and the Asylum Restaurant (admitting and dispensary) is open to the public 11am-9pm Wednesday-Monday, currently closed Tuesdays. A complete history, photos and online booking is available via the hotel&#39;s website: www.jeromegrandhotel.net. The hotel is open 365 days a year.</p><br>
<p>The Evangelical Church of Lafayette  is a historic church building in Lafayette, Oregon.</p><br>
<p>The Queen Anne style church building was constructed in 1892. The building&#39;s architect was Reverend Charles Cupp Poling, who served as a pastor at the church for 3 years following its construction, and after whom the church is named.</p><br>
<p>The church served its congregants until 1970, when the building was converted to become the home for the Yamhill County Historical Society and Museums. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. The Historical Societys now-archived 2010 description of the Poling Memorial Church reads:"Visitors exploring the Church will find displays of local doctors and dentists equipment, an early school room, a pioneer bedroom sponsored by the Daughters of the American Revolution, and a parlor containing early 20th century furnishings. Visitors will discover an 18th century clock with wooden gears, a display of photography equipment, a wonderful collection of dolls, Yamhill County memorabilia dating to the late 19th century, and a giant pickled cucumber once featured on Ripleys Believe It or Not!"The museum is no longer in operation, and was listed for sale in October 2021 at a price of $175,000. It was purchased for $155,000 on January 14, 2022.</p><br>
<p>The John and Margarethe Kemp Cabin is a log cabin built in 1863 by a German immigrant pioneer family in the Town of Mazomanie, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John and Margarethe Kemp married in Prussia, had two children there, then immigrated to America. In 1863 they bought the 80 acre parcel that contains the cabin. They were probably the first settlers on the land, and put up the cabin quickly, flattening only one side of the logs to make a smooth inner wall, and joining the corners with simple square notches and wooden pegs. The Kemps lived on the farm until around 1900, and despite its simple construction, the cabin served as a home into the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>After the Kemps, Andrew Williams owned the farm for about ten years, then the George Wachter family farmed it for fifty years. It was bought by Larrie and Diana Isenring in 1961, and they used the cabin as the office of their campground. The Isenrings would sell the site to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in 1989, and it now lies within the Blackhawk Unit of the Lower Wisconsin Riverway recreational area.</p><br>
<p>The William T. Leitch House is a well-preserved house built in 1857 a half mile northeast of the capitol square in Madison, Wisconsin. In 1975 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, as "the best example of mid-19th century Gothic Revival style" in Madison, and for its association with the city mayors and legislator who lived there.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William T. Leitch immigrated from England to New York in 1829 where he became a clothier. Before he and his wife Jane came to Wisconsin in 1858, they commissioned this grand house.</p><br>
<p>Its style is Gothic Revival, and the design is attributed to August Kutzbock. Hallmarks of the style are the steep roof, the tall, narrow windows, and the finials on the peaks, all pointing upward. The decorated bargeboards are another hallmark. The walls of this particular house are clad in blocks of Madison sandstone, which was quarried in Westport and hauled across Lake Mendota on a barge. The bays of the front porches are framed in Tudor arches. Tall chimneys rise from the back of the slate roof, and a Gothic cupola rises from the point where the gables cross. The front door opens under an original etched glass transom. From there a spiral staircase ascends. The house contains nine fireplaces - some faced with marble, some with decorative tile, and some simple brick.</p><br>
<p>In 1862 William was elected mayor of Madison and served three terms. He also served as president of the school board and city assessor. When the Leitches sold the house in 1880, their notice in the Wisconsin State Journal described the house as "replete with every convenience for a comfortable and pleasant home. The stable, carriage house, cow house, etc., are all stone buildings. The grounds... are laid out in lawn, fruit, and vegetable gardens. The view of Fourth Lake is unsurpassed."</p><br>
<p>Moses Ransom Doyon and his wife Carolyn lived in the house from 1881 to 1902. Moses also served as mayor, in 1888 and 1889. He also served on the school board, and as alderman.</p><br>
<p>After the Doyons, Nils P. Haugen and his wife Bella lived in the house from 1902 to 1934. Nils was an attorney who served in the State Assembly in 1879 and 1880, then represented Wisconsins 8th and 10th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1887 to 1895. Nils was a prominent Progressive Era Republican and friend of Robert M. La Follette. Governor La Follete appointed him as a State Tax Commissioner, and Haugen served in that role for 20 years while living in this house. During that time, "Haugen won national renown as a tax expert and was a major figure in the implementation of Wisconsins graduated income tax law."</p><br>
<p>Thea and Asher Hobson lived in the house after the Haugens. Asher was a prominent agricultural economist at the UW.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, the house was designated a landmark by the Madison Landmarks Commission. In 1975 it was added to the NRHP for its association with the civic leaders described above, and for its fine, well-preserved architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Handycraft Farmstead, also known as Ewetopia, is an historic farm which is located in Washington Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The contributing buildings are a hewn timber frame Pennsylvania barn, which was built sometime around 1840, a hewn log secondary house that was erected circa 1830, an octagonal stone smoke house, which was built sometime around 1830, and an animal barn/shed which dates to the late-nineteenth or early twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The main house, which was built sometime around 1790, has been substantially modified and is non-contributing.</p><br>
<p>The Handycraft Farmstead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Jeremiah Burns Farm, also known as The Burns Place, is an historic American home and farm that are located in Washington Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The contributing buildings are the farmhouse (1832), a hewn timber frame Pennsylvania barn (c. 1900), and a small shed that date to the late-nineteenth or early twentieth-century. The property also includes the millrace and remains of a sickle mill and a line of cobblestones from the barn to the mill site. The house is a two-story, seven-bay, brick building with a central recessed double porch that was designed in a vernacular Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Red Run Lodge was an historic, American hotel complex that was located in Washington Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, USA.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, but was torn down in December 2017.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This complex encompassed sixteen contributing buildings and one contributing structure (a stone wall). The buildings were the lodge, cabins, bath house, and a fruit stand. Built in 1939, they were made from chestnut logs with concrete chinking, and were designed in a "log cabin" style. The lodge and cabins closed circa 1965.</p><br>
<p>Until 1962, Red Run Lodge had a policy of refusing accommodations to Black people. The owners and operators of the lodge were charged with racial discrimination in 1961. A public hearing was avoided when the owners agreed to a consent order that established that the lodge would accommodate Black customers without discrimination.</p><br>
<p>This complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, but was torn down in December 2017.</p><br>
<p>Springdale Mills, also known as Shank&#39;s Mill and Shockey Mills, is a historic grist mill located at Washington Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1857, and is a 3 1/-2-story, banked brick building with a fieldstone foundation. A 24-foot diameter Fitz overshot wheel was installed between 1900 and 1910.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph J. Oller House is an American historic home that is located in Waynesboro in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Now the headquarters of the Waynesboro Historical Society, this property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built between 1891 and 1892, this historic structure is a two-and-one-half-story, seventeen-room, brick dwelling that was designed in the Queen Anne style. A two-story addition was built in 1910. The house features a multi-gabled slate roof and a projecting round bay topped by a tower and conical roof. Also located on the property is a one-story, wood-frame carriage house and two-story, wood-frame stable.</p><br>
<p>The property is headquarters of the Waynesboro Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Laveen School Auditorium is a historic structure located in Laveen, Arizona. It was constructed in 1940 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story adobe building with a full basement, with some elements of American Craftsman style in its dormers, gable outriggers,</p><br>
<p>bargeboards, and Spanish roof tile. It has also been known as Building A, Laveen School.</p><br>
<p>The Troy Gordon House  is a historic house at 9 E. Township Road in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It is a modest single-story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and a stone foundation. The main entrance, centered on the symmetrical facade, is sheltered by a Doric gable-roofed portico whose columns are original to the house&#39;s 1851 construction. The house is one of the few remaining antebellum houses in Arkansas.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Royer–Nicodemus House and Farm, also known as the Renfrew Museum and Park, is an historic, American home and farm that is located in Waynesboro in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The main house, which was built circa 1812, is a two-and-one-half-story, four-bay, stone dwelling, with a two-bay addition that was built circa 1815. It was restored between 1974 and 1975. The property also includes the brick Fahnestock farmstead (1812), a small stone butcher/smoke house, a stone and log milkhouse, and a large frame barn with distinctive cupolas that was built in 1896.</p><br>
<p>The property was deeded to the Borough of Waynesboro in 1973, and has operated as the Renfrew Museum and Park since 1975.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Royer-Nicodemus Barn.JPGBarn</p><br>
<p>Borough Hall of the Borough of Waynesboro is a historic borough hall in Waynesboro in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1881 by the town council as a public theater and fire station and named the Academy of Music. The first lecture at the theater, "The Rise and Fall of the Moustache", was given by Robert Burdette, one of over 3,000 times he gave the lecture throughout the country. The theater hosted the first motion picture shown in Waynesboro in 1906.</p><br>
<p>The three-story, square brick building in an Italianate style, modified by Second Empire-style motifs. The building features a mansard roof with straight sides, a central pavilion extending approximately two stories above the roofline, cast-iron roof cresting, and eyebrow-like window heads.</p><br>
<p>When built, the building housed a number of functions including theater, public market, and library. It has housed solely borough offices since 1976.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Rock Hill Farm, also known as the Davis-Stauffer Farm Complex, is an historic, American home and farm and national historic district located in Montgomery Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes twelve contributing buildings, two contributing sites, and three contributing structures. They are associated with three areas: the Davis-Chamber farmstead (1793 and 1875), the Eliab Negley House (c. 1810), and the Joseph Negley farmstead (c. 1840). Contributing components of the Davis-Chamber farmstead include the log and frame main house (c. 1793), an eighteenth-century log smokehouse, a limestone milk house (c. 1810), a frame wash house (c. 1880), a frame outhouse (c. 1900), a frame wagon shed (c. 1900), and a frame barn with concrete silo (c. 1930). The property also has a stone wall (c. 1790–1820) and the archaeological remains of earlier buildings, including a limestone mill dismantled about 1930.</p><br>
<p>The Eliab Negley House is a log dwelling that was built between 1810 and 1823. The Joseph Negley farmstead includes a Greek Revival-style dwelling that was built between 1836 and 1850, with later modifications made circa 1900. Also located on the property are a contributing nineteenth century smokehouse, a frame wagon shed (c. 1900), and a large shed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Mercersburg Historic District is a national historic district that is centered on the center square of Mercersburg in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, with a boundary increase added in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes 124 contributing buildings and one contributing site that are located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Mercersburg. The residential buildings include a number of sheathed log, stone, and brick dwellings, with some dating to the eighteenth century. The district has a number of notable examples of the Federal, Greek Revival, and Colonial Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>Notable non-residential buildings include the Presbyterian Church (1794, 1885), United Church of Christ (1845), Mansion House Hotel, The James Buchanan Hotel, McKinstry Building, and First National Bank. Also located in the district but separately listed is the Lane House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, with a boundary increase in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Lane House Mercersburg FrankCo PA.JPGLane House on Main Street</p><br>
<p>1st National Bank Mercersburg FrankCo PA.JPGFirst National Bank</p><br>
<p>47 N Main,Mercersburg, FrankCo, PA side.JPG47 North Main St.</p><br>
<p>26 S Main Mercersburg FrankCo PA.JPG26 South Main St.</p><br>
<p>Fendrick Library, Mercersburg, FrankCo, PA.JPGFendrick Library</p><br>
<p>123 Seminary, Mercersburg, FrankCo, PA.JPG123 Seminary St.</p><br>
<p>Trinity United CoC, Mercersburg, FrankCo, PA.JPGTrinity United Church of Christ</p><br>
<p>The Monterey Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Washington Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes sixty contributing buildings associated with a late-nineteenth century, summer resort community that was developed primarily after 1885. The residential buildings include several high-styled Late Victorian, Georgian Revival, and Colonial Revival-style, cottage dwellings. Notable buildings include "Alfheim," "Red House," "Bramble Bush," "Pink Shutters," "Charmian Manor," Pittman House, Greystone Inn (c. 1850), Valore House (1895), Hawley Church, Dunbrack Library (c. 1894), Dunbrack Inn, and Dunbrack Stables (c. 1880).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Franklin Furnace Historic District is a national historic district located in St. Thomas Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The district includes five contributing buildings, one contributing structure, and one contributing site associated with a 19th-century iron furnace plantation. The buildings are the managers house/office and four workers houses. The structure is the furnace stack . It measures 30 feet square at the base and approximately 30 feet tall. The contributing site is the ruins of a barn. The furnace ceased full operation in 1882.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Hays Bridge Historic District is a national historic district which is located in Montgomery Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The district includes two contributing buildings and two contributing structures. The buildings are a three-story, five-bay limestone house and bank barn, which date to the early-nineteenth century. The structures are an early nineteenth-century stone double arch bridge and a Burr Truss covered bridge which date to 1883. The covered bridge, known as Ped Bridge or Witherspoon Bridge, is eighty-seven feet long and fourteen feet wide, with a corrugated metal roof. It is the only remaining covered bridge in Franklin County.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The George A. Lougee House is a historic house located at 620 South Ingersoll Street in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. The house was built in 1907 for hotel proprietor George A. Lougee. Architects Claude and Starck, a prominent local firm with ties to Frank Lloyd Wright, designed the Prairie School home. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History and architecture</h2><br>
<p>George A. Lougee was born in New Hampshire in 1850. By 1875, he had entered the hospitality business, operating the Pennsylvania Railroads first dining car. Lougee ran Madisons Park Hotel from 1891 until 1911; while his house was built in 1907, relatively late in his tenure at the hotel, he lived in Madison until his death in 1932. Lougee also managed the Palmer House in Chicago, the New Kimball Hotel in Atlanta, and the University Club in Madison.</p><br>
<p>Lougee hired the prominent Madison architectural firm of Louis W. Claude and Edward F. Starck to design his home. The two architects were partners from 1896 until 1929 and designed both residences and public buildings across Wisconsin and its neighboring states. Claude was a friend of Frank Lloyd Wright, and Wrights Prairie School designs influenced the firms residential work. The Lougee House, which is similar to Wrights B. Harley Bradley House in Kankakee, Illinois, is one of the firms most highly regarded home designs.</p><br>
<p>The two-story house has a stucco exterior, as was common for Prairie School homes, and a gable roof. A cross gable extends forward from the east side of the house, and an attached porch extends along the home&#39;s south side. The entrance, located next to the cross gable, features floral-patterned leaded glass windows. Horizontal wooden bands above and below the windows on both floors and a terrace wall along the east side give the house a horizontal emphasis, a key element of Prairie School architecture.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a landmark by the Madison Landmarks Commission in 1977. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 7, 1978. Additionally, it is located within the Orton Park Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Chambersburg Historic District is a national historic district centered on the Memorial Fountain and Square of Chambersburg in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 159 contributing buildings in the central business district and immediately surrounding residential area of Chambersburg. The district has a number of notable examples of Georgian and Italianate style architecture. Notable buildings include the St. Paul United Methodist Church , Professional Arts Building , Cumberland Valley National Bank, Cumberland Valley Railroad Station, First United Brethren Church , firehouse, Presbyterian Church of the Falling Spring , and the Suesserott House. Located in the district and separately listed are the Franklin County Jail, Franklin County Courthouse, John Brown House, Masonic Temple, Townhouse Row, and the Zion Reformed Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Greencastle Historic District is a national historic district which is located in Greencastle in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic district includes three hundred and forty-six contributing buildings and two contributing sites, which are located in the central business district and immediate surrounding residential area of Greencastle. These structures date from the late eighteenth to early twentieth centuries.</p><br>
<p>This district has a number of important examples of Federal, Classical Revival and Second Empire style architecture. Notable buildings include the First National Bank, which was erected in 1874, the Brendle Building, which was built in 1914, the Antrim House, which was erected in 1904, the Hostetter Building, which was built sometime around 1910, the High Line Train Station, which was erected sometime around 1909, and the L.R. Walck Hatchery, which was built in 1908.</p><br>
<p>The two contributing sites are the German Reformed cemetery and Lutheran cemetery.</p><br>
<p>This historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine, also known as the Cornish Pump, is a steam-driven pump located at the corner of Kent Street and Kimberly Avenue in Iron Mountain, Michigan, United States. It is the largest reciprocating steam-driven engine ever built in the United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1958.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Iron ore was discovered in what is now the Iron Mountain area in 1878. Development was rapid: Iron Mountain was platted in 1879 and the Chapin Mine Company was formed the same year. The Chapin Mine proved to be the most productive in the Menominee Range, and water seepage proved to be an ongoing problem. Ground pumps were used at first, but as the shaft depth increased, so did the problems. In 1889, after a number of accidents, the mining company commissioned a water pump from the E. P. Allis Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin (now Allis-Chalmers). The company&#39;s chief engineer, Edwin P. Reynolds, designed a "Cornish Pump" similar to those used in tin mines in Cornwall, England.</p><br>
<p>The company constructed the pump in 1890-91, after which it was installed at Chapin Mine&#39;s "D" shaft. The pump engine was installed at the surface near a boiler, to minimize efficiency losses in steam transport and to prevent damage to the engine in case of an emergency shut-off. It was housed in a massive red sandstone pump house, 60 ft high, 36 ft by 42 ft at the base, with a foundation 23 ft thick. The pump itself cost $82,000, and the entire installation cost an estimated $250,000. The pump began operation on January 3, 1893.</p><br>
<p>An underground shift in 1896 misaligned the engine, and further shifts cracked the engine house and the surrounding ground. In 1899, the pumping engine was dismantled and stored away.</p><br>
<p>In the meantime, the Chapin Mining Company had been expanding. In 1894, it acquired the nearby Hamilton and Ludington mines, both of which had been abandoned due to flooding problems. Chapin dewatered the other mines and made underground connections to the Chapin Mine. The Chapin Mining Company was purchased by the Oliver Iron Mining Company, a subsidiary of USA Steel, in 1901. In 1907, Oliver reassembled the pumping engine and moved it to its current location near the site of the Ludington Mine "C" shaft. They constructed a corrugated metal building on a red sandstone foundation to house the pumping engine. The pump served the combined needs of the Chapin, Ludington and Hamilton mines until 1914, when it was replaced with electric pumps.</p><br>
<p>By the time the Chapin Mine closed in 1932, it had produced over 27 million tons of iron ore, the most in the Menominee Iron Range. but local sentiment saved the pumping engine.</p><br>
<h2>Cornish Pumping Engine and Mining Museum</h2><br>
<p>In 1978, the county turned it over to the Menominee Range Historical Foundation, who constructed a museum around it in 1982-83. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1958, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. In 1987, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers designated the pump a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The museum housing the pump, known as the Cornish Pumping Engine and Mining Museum, also displays a varied collection of mining equipment used in local iron mines; the museum is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine is a vertical tandem compound steam engine. At its maximum speed of 10 rpm, it produced over 1,200 HP, The entire engine weighs 600 ST. The drive shaft is 24 in in diameter and the high and low pressure steam are 50 in and 100 in in diameter, respectively, both having a stroke of 10 ft.</p><br>
<p>At the Ludington "C" shaft location, the pumping engine was connected via a 7 in diameter shaft The total capacity of the pump system was 3,400 USgal per minute.</p><br>
<p>Although the Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine is popularly known as "The Cornish Pump", it is not actually a Cornish engine, which lacks the rotating parts (connecting rod, crank and flywheel) seen in the Chapin Engine.</p><br>
<p>The John Mann House is an Italianate-styled farmhouse built in 1856 in Fitchburg, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 8, 1982. Since 1980, the building has housed Quivey&#39;s Grove restaurant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1850 John Mann came west from New York state to run a livery service in Madison. After a few years he bought this farm in Fitchburg and had the house built along with a stone horse barn and two stone outhouses which still exist.</p><br>
<p>The main block of the house is a two-story cube with a hipped roof. The walls, 18 inches thick, are coursed sandstone blocks dug from a neighbor&#39;s quarry. The eaves are supported by scroll-shaped brackets. Windows are tall, with stone lintels. The front door is framed in a transom and sidelights. The adjoining secondary block is similar to the main block, but 1.5 stories tall. Inside are the original hemlock floors and maple banister and newel post.</p><br>
<p>The farm grew to 130 acres before Mann&#39;s son Edward sold the farm in 1876. It was in the J.P. Comstock family from 1886 to 1935. After that Dr. & Mrs. William Waskow lived in the house until 1980.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the house was bought by Joe Garton and renovated by Arlan Kay of Oregon to become Quivey&#39;s Grove Restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The Mansion Hill Historic District encompasses a part of the Mansion Hill neighborhood northwest of the capitol square in Madison, Wisconsin. In the 19th century the district was home to much of Madison&#39;s upper class, and held the largest concentration of large, ornate residences in the city, but in the 20th century it shifted to student housing. In 1997 the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History of the district</h2><br>
<p>Madison was surveyed in 1836 and incorporated as a village in 1846. Initial construction was mostly near the capitol square and King Street, while the hill that would become Mansion Hill remained undeveloped forest. In 1846 J.T. Clark built a wooden house in that forest - no longer extant. Then in 1851 Judge Levi B. Vilas built a stylish sandstone house at 521 North Henry Street and Jeremiah T. Marston built a similar house across the street at 520 N Henry. These two fine homes no longer exist, but others followed, and some from the 1850s do survive. The city&#39;s population had grown to 6,864 by 1856, but growth slowed during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>By 1870 large stylish houses flanked Gilman Street from North Butler to North Park Streets. Many on the northwest side of Gilman sat on large lots that reached down to Lake Mendota. Southeast of Gilman, smaller houses stood on smaller lots - many in fine Greek Revival and Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood saw another construction boom starting in the 1880s. Along with growth at the UW and state government, Madison was adding some manufacturing to its economy with concerns like Fuller and Johnson, which made farm implements. Queen Anne style began to overtake the Italianate which had been popular. As styles changed, some of the old-fashioned houses from the 1850s and 60s were replaced by Queen Anne homes, and the large lots were subdivided to make sites for more homes.</p><br>
<p>Starting in the 1880s some houses were built for rental, followed by duplexes and other rental properties. From 1910 to 1950 demographics changed as demand for student housing prompted the construction of rooming houses and apartment buildings in the neighborhood. The UW population was growing and the university provided on-campus housing only for women. With the influx of students into the neighborhood, many families gradually left for the newly popular suburbs, and some of their old mansions were remodeled into multi-unit housing.</p><br>
<p>From the 1950s to the 1970s, a number of old houses in the district were demolished to make way for new buildings. In response, residents petitioned the city to have the district designated a landmark and protect its history. The district became a city landmark in 1976, officially becoming Madison&#39;s first historic district.</p><br>
<p>Of the 161 contributing buildings, 44 were built prior to 1880, a further 78 were built through 1910. Half of the buildings are in the Italianate and Queen Anne styles, 16 other styles are also represented. Several of the buildings in the district are also individually listed on the historic register.</p><br>
<h2>Example houses in the district</h2><br>
<p>Here are some good examples of different architectural styles present in the district, in roughly the order built:</p><br>
<h3>Greek Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Nye House at 115 E. Johnson Street is a Greek Revival-style house built in 1857, with the relatively low-pitched roof, the simple window treatment, and the cornice returns typical of the style.</p><br>
<h3>Italianate style</h3><br>
<p>The Fox / Van Slyke House at 510 N. Carroll Street is an Italianate-style residence, designed by Samuel Donnel and August Kutzbock and built 1856-58. Italianate features of this house include the low-pitched roof with broad eaves supported by paired, ornate brackets, and the decorative framing around the windows. The walls are clad in local sandstone, laid in a German masonry style where large and small blocks alternate. This house also has corner pilasters, dentil trim, and ornate chimneys that echo the shape of the house itself. The house was built for Samuel Fox, a hardware dealer, and his wife Lorain. After a year they sold it to Napoleon Bonaparte Van Slyke and his wife Annie. Van Slyke was then cashier for the Dane County Bank and a regent of the UW. He was also involved in building the first city hall, establishing Forest Hill cemetery, and some questionable financial maneuvers.</p><br>
<p>The Old Executive Mansion at 130 E. Gilman Street is another notable example of Italianate style in the district, built 1854 to 1856.</p><br>
<p>The Lawrence / Bashford House at 423 N. Pinckney Street is an Italian Villa-style house, with a low-pitched roof, elegant frieze and cornice, and a 3-story tower, all clad in local sandstone. It was built in 1857 for banker H.K. Lawrence, then occupied by Morris and Anna Fuller who distributed farm implements, then occupied by their daughter and son-in-law, Robert Bashford, who served as city attorney, mayor, state senator, and Wisconsin Supreme Court justice.</p><br>
<p>The Daniels House at 515 N. Carroll Street is an Italianate-styled house built in 1872, but clad in wood.</p><br>
<h3>Romanesque Revival</h3><br>
<p>The hallmark of Romanesque Revival style is the round-topped arches above window and door openings, as opposed to square tops or pointed arches.</p><br>
<p>The Pierce / McDonnell House at 424 N. Pinckney Street was built 1857 to 1858, designed by Kutzbock and Donnel, Madisons first architectural firm, in Rundbogenstil ("round-arch style"). The German immigrant August Kutzbock had been schooled in this early German version of Romanesque Revival mingled with Renaissance Revival elements. The house is clad in a light-colored sandstone from Prairie du Chien and has bay windows and "a fancifully bracketed octagonal belvedere." Exterior and interior design elements are said to resemble those of Wisconsins third state capitol building, which the same architects designed.</p><br>
<p>Gates of Heaven Synagogue at 300 E. Gorham Street is another Rundbogenstil building designed by August Kutzbock and built in 1863.</p><br>
<p>Holy Redeemer Catholic Church at 132 W. Johnson Street was built in 1865, designed by John Nader with round-topped arches above windows and doors. This building is clad in sandstone, with a square tower leading to an octagonal spire. This was the first German Catholic church built in the city.</p><br>
<h3>Gothic Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Cory House at 107 W. Gorham Street is a 2-story house built in 1876. Hallmarks of Gothic Revival present in this house are the steeply pitched roof, tall narrow windows, and the elaborate patterned bargeboards on the gable ends.</p><br>
<p>The Judge Arthur B. Braley House at 422 N. Henry Street is a larger, simpler example, built in 1875.</p><br>
<p>Bethel Evangelical Lutheran Church at 312 Wisconsin Avenue is a late Gothic structure built much later, in 1940. The style was long favored for churches. The steep roofs, pointed-arch windows, and steeple all emphasize the vertical, which is sometimes interpreted as pointing to heaven.</p><br>
<h3>Second Empire</h3><br>
<p>The hallmark of Second Empire style in the US is the mansard roof.</p><br>
<p>The mansion at 28 E. Gilman Street was built for the banker Napoleon Bonaparte Van Slyke in 1858 with a Rundbogenstil design by August Kutzbock. Instead of moving in, Van Slyke rented the house to fellow banker James Richardson. Romanesque round arches top all the windows and doors, but in 1870 the house was remodeled with a mansard roof to update it in Second Empire style. The physician Dr. George Keenan lived here from 1900 to 1916. The mansion is thus known variously as the Van Slyke / Richardson / Keenan House.</p><br>
<p>The George Hickock House at 504 N. Henry Street is a smaller 2.5-story home, originally built as Second Empire from a design by David R. Jones.</p><br>
<h3>Queen Anne</h3><br>
<p>Queen Anne is the most common style in the district. Some good examples are:</p><br>
<p>The Campbell House at 125 E. Gilman Street is a 3-story Queen Anne house built in 1883. Hallmarks of the style present in this house are the asymmetric façade, the corner tower, the wraparound front porch, the varied surface textures, and the complex roof. The lower parts are clad in clapboard—common for this style.</p><br>
<p>The Brown Rental House at 137 E. Gorham Street is an 1893 Queen Anne house clad in rock-faced stone with a round tower with a conical roof. The gable ends are clad in shingles, and a Palladian window sits in the front gable peak. The NRHP nomination classifies this house as Richardsonian Romanesque, but some consider that style to be a stone-clad rendition of Queen Anne.</p><br>
<p>The Steensland House at 315 N. Carroll Street is a 3-story brick house built in 1896, designed by J. O. Gordon and F. W. Paunack to bubble with different textures and shapes. The asymmetry, the complex roof, and the full-width front porch are all characteristic of Queen Anne style, yet this house is not a typical example. The house was built for Halle Steensland, a Norwegian immigrant who worked his way up from store clerk to insurance man and banker, vice-consul to Sweden and Norway, and philanthropist.</p><br>
<h3>Tudor Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Hart House at 412 Wisconsin Avenue was built in 1896, designed by Claude & Starck in Tudor Revival style. Typical of the style, it has a steeply pitched roof and stucco with half-timbering.</p><br>
<h3>Neoclassical</h3><br>
<p>The Winterbotham House at 15 E. Gilman Street is a Neoclassical house designed by Jeremiah K. Cady of Chicago and built in 1910. The front door is framed by concrete pilasters supporting a broken pediment. The house is clad in red brick framed by large pilasters at the corners, which support an entablature and a parapet decorated with swags.</p><br>
<p>The Madison Masonic Temple at 301 Wisconsin Avenue is a Neoclassical meeting hall designed by Law and Law and built in 1923. The façade features four colossal fluted Doric columns.</p><br>
<h3>Mediterranean Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Pinckney Apartments at 204 N. Pinckney Street is a 4-story apartment building built in 1911. Elements of Mediterranean Revival style present are the low-pitched tile roof and the reddish brick. The stucco and iron balconies give the building a flavor of Spanish Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<h3>Craftsman</h3><br>
<p>The First Unitarian Society Parsonage at 504 N. Carroll Street was designed by Edward F. Starck and built in 1910. It combines the hallmark exposed rafter tails of Craftsman style with stucco, false half-timbering, bay windows, and a full-width front porch. It is large and elaborate compared to many Craftsman homes.</p><br>
<h3>Prairie School</h3><br>
<p>The Wootton-Mead House at 120 W. Gorham Street is an American Foursquare floorplan house built in 1907 with Prairie School styling in the broad eaves, the broad front porch, and the bands of windows. All of these emphasize the horizontal in a fairly conventional-looking house.</p><br>
<p>The Beacroft House at 514 N. Carroll Street was designed by Claude & Starck and built in 1911, again with broad eaves and bands of windows, but with bold brick pilasters at the corners and a gable end that suggests a pediment.</p><br>
<h3>Dutch Colonial Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Jackson house at 415 N. Carroll Street was designed by Frost and Granger and built 1907-1909. The gambrel roof is the hallmark of Dutch Colonial Revival style. This is a large and elaborate example, with a stone-clad first story, a cantilevered second story supported by brackets, and chimney pots.</p><br>
<h3>Colonial Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Schumaker / Bollenbeck House at 104 W. Gorham Street is a 2.5 side-gabled brick house designed by Ferdinand Kronenberg and built in 1922. Typical of Colonial Revival style, it is largely symmetric and formal, with the front door framed in sidelights and fanlight, with columns supporting the porch. This particular instance also has corner quoins in brick and modillions under the cornice.</p><br>
<p>The First Church of Christ, Scientist, building at 315 Wisconsin Avenue was designed by Frank G. Riley and built in 1929. Its front is a circular portico with colossal Doric columns and a copper dome. The church is the Georgian Revival subtype of Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<h3>Art Moderne</h3><br>
<p>The Quisling Towers at 1 E. Gilman Street is an apartment building designed by Lawrence Monberg in Art Moderne style and built in 1937 for Dr. Abraham Quisling. Typical of the style, it has some smooth, rounded surfaces, like the streamlined shape of an airplane, along with strong horizontal lines.</p><br>
<p>The original part of the Edgewater Hotel (1946) at 642 Wisconsin Avenue was also designed by Monberg with Art Moderne influence.</p><br>
<p>The Newens Sanitary Dairy Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It consists of three buildings, the former dairy buildings and the Newens’ family home. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Newens family began the dairy around 1910. Lynn Newens ran the business out of his home on 26th Street. In 1913 the business moved to 2300-2306 University Avenue. Three years later it expanded to 2300–2312. In 1918 the dairy bought the last two lots on University. The Newens’ built a new building in 1922.</p><br>
<h3>Dairy Plant</h3><br>
<p>At the time the dairy was founded developments were being advanced in the dairy industry and cities such as Des Moines started supervising dairy sanitation. In 1910 Des Moines hired their first city milk inspector. Newens Sanitary Dairy communicated their intent to produce a fresh, quality safe product. They also used their family name in the company name to back up the product with an established reputation. Adrian Newens, Lynns brother and company president, had been a professor of oratory at nearby Drake University and Iowa State College before starting a successful speaking career. The dairys name was shortened to Newens Dairy Co. in the 1920s and to Newens-Northland Co. after it merged with their competitor Northland Dairy and Furnas Ice Cream company in 1929. The business moved from University Avenue in 1935 and the company made one last name change in the 1940s to the Northland Milk Co.</p><br>
<p>The dairy complex comprised a front office, milk processing and bottling area, vehicle storage and a stable for the horses. The stable was on the second floor above the vehicle storage building, which was separate from the rest of the operation. Horses were used to transport the milk until the early 1940s when a stable in a different location was destroyed in a fire that killed 22 horses.</p><br>
<p>Deliveries of dairy products started at midnight. The dairy bought milk from local farmers and in order to deliver it the milk had to be tested, clarified, pasteurized and bottled. The two main reasons the milk was processed was to destroy human pathogens through pasteurization and to maintain product quality. Pasteurization was not required so not all dairies did it because of the added expense. The dairy needed to maintain strict cleanliness of the facility. Newens advertised, “Pasteurized Milk and Cream, Buttermilk and Cottage Cheese" and "You are invited to inspect our plant at any time. We pride ourselves on our cleanliness.”</p><br>
<p>Newens also was part of the Des Moines Milk Dealers Bottle Exchange, Inc. It was a local trade group that washed and returned empty bottles from participating dairies. Lynn Newens probably served as an officer. Once Newens merged with Northland much of the University Avenue plant was left vacant. The bottle exchange was moved into the facility from 1934 to 1947. Newens-Northland retained ownership of the building and rented it to other businesses. It sold the buildings in 1951 to the Biermann family. Harry Biermann operated an electrical shop out of the former dairy&#39;s front office. His sons joined him in the business. Eventually they branched out into electrical engineering and became the Biermann Electric Co. They utilized the former dairy processing area and vehicle storage building, and rented the storefronts and offices to various tenants over the years. Biermann Electric sold the building to 2300 University Avenue L.L.C. in the fall of 2001.</p><br>
<h2>House</h2><br>
<p>Lynn Newens and his wife Susan, who worked as the companys bookkeeper, and their daughter moved into a house to the east of the dairy at 2220 University Avenue around 1913. The 1916 city directory shows the Newenses were living across the street at 2225 University Avenue. It is a large Victorian house on a corner lot. It was on the diagonal from the dairy. Lynn and Susan lived in the house for more than 15 years. After Susans death, Lynn moved to his daughter&#39;s house nearby. Carman G. Mount, dairy "plant man", and his family moved into the house and lived there until about 1938. The Newens family continued to own the house until the mid-1940s.</p><br>
<p>The McCoy Farmhouse is a historic house located at 2925 Syene Road in Fitchburg, Wisconsin. The Italianate farmhouse was built in 1861 on an early Wisconsin tobacco farm. From 1949 to 1978 microbiologist Elizabeth McCoy lived there. In 1980 the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1846 Henry Yager bought a 160-acre tract of land which included the parcel the house is built on and began farming. In 1853 two men from Ohio - Ralph Pomeroy and Jacob R. Hiestand - tried growing tobacco on ten acres of Yager&#39;s land, and it produced "a very large growth, estimated to yield at least a tone per acre." This is believed to be one of the first successful tobacco crops in Wisconsin. During the American Civil War, the farm experienced a boom when tobacco from what had become the Confederate States of America became unavailable.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Brown purchased the farm from Yager in 1861 and built the farmhouse in the same year. As Brown&#39;s land was already prepared for tobacco farming, his farm was more successful than other area farms, and its value increased fivefold by his death in 1874. By this time, Dane County led the state in tobacco production, a status it held through 1911 when the farm ceased its tobacco production.</p><br>
<p>In 1949, University of Wisconsin&ndash;Madison microbiologist Elizabeth McCoy moved into the house. McCoy, a full professor at the university, was one of the first prominent female microbiologists. McCoy&#39;s work included bacterial research, studies of the microbiology of water bodies, and penicillin research which led to the discovery of the first commonly-used strain of the drug. McCoy died in 1978 and left her house to the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation with the intent that it be preserved.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story Italianate house is built from cream-colored brick which Brown imported from Milwaukee. The front facade features a central entrance and tall windows with stone lintels. A long front porch originally extended along the facade; while it had been replaced by a smaller porch by the time of the houses National Register nomination, another long porch has since been constructed. The houses hip roof is surrounded by a bracketed cornice and topped by a small cupola. A two-story wing extends from the back of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Oaklands Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was a late 19th-century residential area for upper and upper middle class residents of what was then a suburb of North Des Moines. It was also the first naturalistic suburban subdivision in the Des Moines area. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1996. It is part of the Towards a Greater Des Moines MPS.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Oaklands represents the real estate boom in North Des Moines in the late 19th century. It was the largest of the citys Victorian suburbs. Places such as North Des Moines grew in popularity in the decades after the American Civil War as a way of improving housing by developing it away from the congested and the more densely populated inner city. The development of street car lines in the 1880s increased the popularity of these areas as they provided a mode of transportation to the citys central business district.</p><br>
<p>The residential area was developed by Lowry W. Goode who was Des Moines&#39; most influential real estate developer of that period. He had the area platted in 1884 and a second plat in 1887. He lived in The Oaklands at two different addresses. Goode, along with Frank Pelton who was a Des Moines civil engineer, platted the area and created the first naturalistic suburban subdivision. They combined the scenic nature of the area along the Des Moines River and the natural tree canopy with broad streets and large lots in order to attract Des Moines’ elite. Besides his own home, Goode also built speculation houses to encourage movement to the suburb. He suffered from financial losses and legal problems resulting from the Panic of 1893. He moved to another part of the city as a result and he moved from Des Moines in 1896. He later committed suicide in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Oaklands Historic District is made up of 83 buildings, of which 58 are single-family houses and 25 are stables or garages. Thirty-seven houses are contributing properties in the historic district as are 15 of the stables and garages. The street circulation network is considered a contributing structure in the historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Oaklands includes some the largest and architecturally ambitious residences in North Des Moines that were designed by the city&#39;s leading architectural firms. Housing design and construction can be divided into three eras. The first era in the late 19th century reflected the influences of the Stick, Queen Anne and the Colonial Revival styles. The second era lasted from about 1905 to 1922. It reflected the influence of the American Craftsman, Period Revival and to a lesser extent the Prairie School. The third period began in the years after World War II and is not considered as contributing to the historic nature of the district. The Des Moines architectural firms involved in the district include Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen and C. C. Cross & Company.</p><br>
<p>The Owls Head Historic District is a residential area located on the west side of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Among its 50 buildings is the former Iowa governors mansion. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Owls Head was platted in 1888 when the area was part of the town of Greenwood Park. It was annexed by the city of Des Moines in 1890. At the time the subdivision was being developed the citys railways system was being consolidated, expanded, and electrified. One line ran a block north of Owls Head on Ingersoll Avenue. This and other factors made Owls Head a street car suburb. The other factors included the homogeneity of social class and income, the relatively homogeneous structures and the woody lots. The shingling and half-timber work in the architecture also suggests an attempt to flee the city, at least psychologically, into a rural ideal.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Five of Des Moines’ more prominent architectural firms contributed structures to the district: Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen, Proudfoot, Bird and Rawson, Sawyer and Watrous, Kraetsch and Kraetsch, and C.C. Cross. While a variety of styles exist in the district there are certain generalizations that can be made about the structures. The houses are fairly large and are two to three stories tall. They appear larger as they are situated on fairly small lots, which is consistent with areas near the streetcar lines. The roof ridge is generally parallel to the front of the house. Gables and dormers are prominent architectural features. The houses also tend to have a combination of more than one exterior surface material such as brick and stucco, clapboard and shingling or brick and shingling. A large percentage of the houses in the district were built in a rather narrow time span between 1905 and 1915. The styles employed are generally historicist in detail and contemporary in mass and scale.</p><br>
<h2>Former Iowa Governor’s Mansion</h2><br>
<p>The house at 2900 Grand Avenue served as the Iowa governors mansion from 1944 to 1976. It was built in 1905 for W.W. Witmer. The house was designed in the Palladian Georgian Revival style. The brick structure features a five-bay front with a central Palladian window on the second floor. A central pavilion that is framed by fluted Ionic pilasters protrudes from the house. Pilasters also adorn the corners of the main block and a full entablature is returned over the pilasters and defines the pavilion. A gabled dormer is centered over each side bay. The windows have a "Gothick" character and the first-floor windows feature Swans-neck pediments. The interior follows a central hall design. After it served as the governors mansion the house became office space for the Iowa Girls High School Athletic Union.</p><br>
<p>The Nakoma Historic District is a historic neighborhood on the southwest side of Madison, Wisconsin near the Nakoma Country Club, including contributing houses built from 1915 to 1946. In 1998 the large district was added to the National Register of Historic Places, primarily for having "the finest collection of Period Revival style buildings" in Madison.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Native Americans long lived around the four lakes region, including near Lake Wingra just east of this district. The settlement of Madison began in the 1830s with the early town taking shape on the isthmus around the capitol. Two miles to the southwest, the land that would eventually become the Nakoma district developed into farms in those early years.</p><br>
<p>By 1854 the Madison-Monroe road led through these farms, heading toward Wisconsin&#39;s lead-mining region. Charles Morgan and James Gorham built a stagecoach stop there now called the Old Spring Tavern. Two years later, in 1856, a rural school was built where the Thoreau School now stands. The area remained more or less rural like this until the 1910s.</p><br>
<p>By this time the city was growing this way, with University Heights, Wingra Park, and other subdivisions. Some of these were served by streetcar lines which transported workers to the downtown each day. In 1914 and 1915 the Madison Realty Company bought farmlands along Verona Road and began plans to develop them into the subdivision that would be Nakoma.</p><br>
<p>Chicago landscape gardener Ossian Cole Simonds and Leonard S. Smith laid out the general plan for the subdivision. It was later described by one of its promoters like this: The rolling landscape facing south and east, with an unobstructed view of Lake Wingra, the Capitol, the University, and the city, seemed an ideal location for a large community of homes. Prov. L.S. Smith of the University designed and laid out the plat. The lots are large and the streets are broad and inviting as they follow the sweeping curves at the base of the hills. The general result was to leave the land as nature made it, unmarred by the cutting through of streets, so common in the conventional city plat.</p><br>
<p>Some buyers needed convincing to move out of the city, and Madison Realty met that challenge. Automobiles were becoming more common, but not everyone had them. Instead of an expensive streetcar line, the developer provided a private bus service to help people commute into the city. The developer provided water, gas, electricity and sidewalks. Property taxes were promoted as lower than in the city. The suburb was promoted as family friendly, prohibiting saloons, and replacing the old grade school with a new Prairie School-styled building. The developer even paid for a neighborhood magazine called the Nakoma Tomahawk. "Nakoma" was said to be a Chippewa word meaning "I do as I promise."</p><br>
<p>Growth was slow during WWI, with only twenty-three new buildings in the subdivision by 1920, but then things took off. At that time Madison Reality hired Paul E. Stark as sales manager. In the same year, the Nakoma Homes Company was formed - basically a homeowner association which new residents had to join. The Homes Company agreed to maintain the streets, keep vacant lots clean, and provide fire protection and police. The residents signed a covenant which specified setbacks of houses on the lots, prohibited businesses, prohibited multi-family homes, and required approval of exterior building plans by an architect who was approved by the Homes Company. The aim was to assure residents that their outside-the-city neighborhood would remain a desirable place for them to live.</p><br>
<p>The Nakoma Country Club was established just to the east in 1921. "Country club suburbs" was a trend at the time and College Hills and Maple Bluff already had their own country clubs.</p><br>
<p>Construction in Nakoma continued through the 1920s, but stopped in 1931 as the country sank into the Great Depression. Growth resumed in 1934. Additions were platted, and by 1945 most of the lots in what is now the Nakoma Historic District were occupied. Eventually the subdivision was annexed by the city of Madison.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture styles in the district</h2><br>
<p>The styles of homes in the district followed the same general sequence as in other parts of the USA Each style eventually came to be considered old-fashioned and was replaced by newer styles for new builds. There are no Italianate or Queen Anne houses in the district because their heyday was missed; no surviving houses were built between 1854 (the Old Spring Tavern) and the founding of the Nakoma subdivision in 1915. At that point, the then-modern Craftsman and Prairie School styles were in fashion, so that&#39;s what was built. By the 1920s they were falling out of favor and various Period Revival styles took over, with many Colonial Revival and Tudor Revival flavors in the district. By the 1940s, a few Modern-style homes were built. Following are some good examples of different styles, in roughly the order built.</p><br>
<h3>Greek Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Old Spring Tavern at 3706 Nakoma Rd is the oldest surviving building in Nakoma. It was built in 1854 by Charles Morgan at a spot along the old Madison-Monroe stage road where an ample spring (now the duck pond) supplied water for horses. It was built with pink bricks made from clay dug nearby.</p><br>
<h3>Prairie School</h3><br>
<p>The Anita & Frederick Miner, Jr. house at 1026 Seminole Highway is a small Prairie School house built in 1915. Prairie School style was popular from 1900 to 1920. The styles hallmarks present in this house are the emphasis on the horizontal, the wide eaves, the stucco, and the grouped windows. Frederick was a real estate salesman. Prairie School was an effort to make a new "American" architecture that didnt derive from European styles like Italianate or Queen Anne. Wisconsin son Frank Lloyd Wright was the leading proponent, and there are a number of Prairie School houses in the district.</p><br>
<h3>Craftsman</h3><br>
<p>The Charles Juckem house at 4202 Mandan Crescent is a Craftsman-style house built in 1917. American Craftsman style was developed by the Greene brothers in California, influenced by the English Arts and Crafts movement and Oriental wooden architecture. It was popular for new buildings from 1905 to 1930. The hallmarks of the style in this house are the exposed rafter tails and the full-width front porch. In this case, the style is applied to a 1.5-story bungalow, which was a common pairing. This particular house is a catalog house built from a kit sold by Sears, Roebuck & Co. - a model called the "Hazelton."</p><br>
<p>The Clements building at 3821 Nakoma Road is another interesting Craftsman-style building in the district. As mentioned above, Nakomas developers placed deed restrictions on buyers which forbade businesses in the district, to preserve the residential quality. But they felt one local store was needed, so allowed W.L. Clements in 1915 to build this structure with a grocery store downstairs and Clements living quarters upstairs. It housed Clements&#39; Nakoma Trading Post until 1931, other grocers until 1979, then an insurance office. The exposed brackets are common in Craftsman style.</p><br>
<h3>Colonial Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Paul & Julia Stark house at 734 Huron Hill is a 2-story Colonial Revival home built in 1921. After WWI there was a burst of building in the subdivision and Period Revival styles taking over from Prairie School and Craftsman styles. Colonial Revival was a long-popular style that had appeared around 1880, based on early English and Dutch-styled houses from the East Coast. It continued to be popular until 1955. Hallmarks of the style in this house are the symmetric façade, the front door with sidelights and pilasters, and the multi-pane windows. Classical columns are also common, though not usually massive ones like those flanking the sunroom in this house. The stucco exterior is also less common. Paul Stark was the real estate man who promoted Nakoma starting in 1920, when growth in the subdivision began to boom. Of the 500 contributing buildings in the district, 321 are Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<h3>Tudor Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Hardy Steeholm house at 733 Huron Hill is a Tudor Revival-style home built in 1923. This style was popular from 1890 to 1940. Hallmarks of the style present in this house are the steep roof surfaces, the asymmetric façade, the prominent chimney, and the false half-timbering. This house does not display the stonework that is common to the style. Steeholm was the president of Wisconsin Magazine. 115 contributing houses in the district are Tudor Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The Tiffany house at 1001 Seminole Highway is a different form of Tudor Revival, a fairy-tale-ish house built in 1925 with a carefully wood-shingled roof made to look like thatch. It also features careful stonework and an eyebrow dormer. Erwin Tiffany was an associate professor at the UW; Clair Tiffany had a dress shop in Madison.</p><br>
<p>The Gardner house at 4230 Waban Hill is a Norman Revival house designed by Henry T. Dysland and built in 1929. It has the steep roofs, half-timbering, and multi-pane windows common to Tudor Revival houses, but the main entry through a round corner tower makes it a more Norman version. Louis founded Gardner Baking Co. and helped create the UW Arboretum.</p><br>
<h3>International Style</h3><br>
<p>The Tangeman house at 3830 Cherokee Drive is an International-style house designed by William V. Kaeser and built in 1936. The horizontal emphasis, the bands of windows running around the corners, and the lack of ornament are typical of the style. A flat roof would be typical too, but the Nakoma Homes Company&#39;s reviewers required a low hip roof to fit better with the neighboring houses. Fred Tangeman was a salesman for the Pet Milk Company.</p><br>
